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Normal foot xray3/18/2023 ![]() ![]() The standard radiographic measures presented in the present study provide the foundation for understanding the osseous foot and ankle position in a normal population. The radiographic angles and measurements presented in the present study demonstrate a comprehensive and useful set of standard angles, measures, and reference points that can be used in clinical and perioperative evaluation of the foot and ankle. All angles were measured by both senior authors twice, independent of each other. A total of 4 measurements were made from the axial view, 12 from the lateral view, and 17 from the anteroposterior view. The radiographic measurements were performed on standard weightbearing anteroposterior, lateral, and axial views of the right foot. A total of 33 angles and reference points were measured on 24 healthy feet. Critical preoperative planning and intraoperative and postoperative evaluation of radiographs are essential for proper deformity planning and correction of all foot and ankle cases. Objective radiographic measures are the building blocks for surgical planning. Acromio-clavicular joint: During forward flexion with internal rotation look for boney contact or ganglia of the ACJ.The limb deformity-based principles originate from a standard set of lower extremity radiographic angles and reference points.This will be most evident during external rotation Posterior joint recess: during internal/external rotation, assess for a gleno-humeral joint effusion.Ensure the patient does NOT hunch their shoulder or lean towards the contralateral side during abduction.Supraspinatus: assess for bunching of the tendon &/or overlying subacromial bursa against the acromion or coraco-acromial ligament during abduction.Subscapularis: assess for any overlying subdeltoid bursal bunching against coracoid during internal rotation.Biceps: assess it’s stability within the bicipital groove during external rotation.The tarsal bones are in - completely ossified, but the relationships of the talus and cal - caneus to each other and other bones can still be evaluated. Figures 1C and 1D show a younger child with normal anteroposterior and lateral foot findings for comparison. The image is captured on a special X-ray film and is typically in. foot with normal forefoot and hindfoot alignment. It will have a similar appearance to subscapularis. X-rays of the foot are completely safe and can show the bones and soft tissues in detail. The ISP can be seen by placing the probe immediately inferior to the spine of the scapula and following the tendon to it’s insertion postero-laterally on the humeral head. ![]()
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